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| Homosexuality in the Batman franchise ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Homosexuality in the Batman franchise
Homosexual and pederastic interpretations have been part of the academic study of the Batman franchise at least since psychiatrist Fredric Wertham asserted in his 1954 book ''Seduction of the Innocent'' that ''"Batman stories are psychologically homosexual"''. Wertham, as well as parodies, fans, and other independent parties, have described Batman and his sidekick Robin (Dick Grayson) as homosexual, possibly in a relationship with each other. DC Comics has never indicated Batman or any major male character of the franchise to be gay, but several female characters in the Modern Age Batman comic books are expressly lesbian or bisexual.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.genevievevalentine.com/2015/02/catwoman-39-better-than-he-does-himself/ )〕
==Golden and Silver Age Batman==
The early Golden Age Batman stories were dark and violent, but during the late 1940s and the early 1950s they changed to a softer, friendlier and more exotic style, that was considered "campy". This style awoke contemporary and later associations with homosexual culture.
In ''Seduction of the Innocent'', Fredric Wertham claimed, "The Batman type of story may stimulate children to homosexual fantasies, of the nature of which they may be unconscious" and "Only someone ignorant of the fundamentals of psychiatry and of the psychopathology of sex can fail to realize a subtle atmosphere of homoeroticism which pervades the adventures of the mature 'Batman' and his young friend Robin."〔Wertham, Fredric. ''Seduction of the Innocent''. Rinehart and Company, Inc., 1954. pg. 189–90〕 This book was issued in the context of the "lavender scare" where authorities regarded homosexuality as a security risk.
Andy Medhurst wrote in his 1991 essay ''Batman, Deviance, and Camp'' that Batman is interesting to gay audiences because "he was one of the first fictional characters to be attacked on the grounds of his presumed homosexuality," "the 1960s TV series remains a touchstone of camp," and "() merits analysis as a notably successful construction of masculinity."〔Medhurst, Andy. "Batman, Deviance, and Camp." ''The Many Lives of the Batman: Critical Approaches to a Superhero and His Media''. Routledge: London, 1991. ISBN 0-85170-276-7, pg. 150〕
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